By sea, land and air to England

The ferry took us through gentle waves, bubble striped with other wakes, between receding Corfu and the approaching mainland, layers of landscape from shallow myrtle covered shores, scrubby heights leading through foothills to ravined snow capped massifs, whose distant summits, on clear days in February, we've sighted from Ano Korakiana. From Igoumenitsa the bus climbed inland on the new Egnatia freeway (Via Egnatia) - every now and then leaving the tunnels and viaducts cutting the landscape, reverting to the sinuous curves of the older road - a rivalry between pace and place, between concrete and contour. Spectacular panoramas obscured by the close weather of our outward journey were revealed, as we climbed to Ioannina on to the watershed, descended to Kalambaka, speeding past Meteora through the plain of the east flowing Pinieos to the Aegean by mid-afternoon, past Katerini to Thessaloniki, where, just before midnight, after a five hour wait at the station, we boarded a shabby three carriage Bulgarian train for Bucharest via Sofia. Two worn but affable Bulgars, returning home from 'arbeit' in Hellas, shared our compartment whose door kept sliding open. They left somewhere at a darkened stop - Sandansky or Blagoevgrad. In their place came three thin lads in old clothes who got off the train with us at Sofia at dawn. A short walk over cracked pavements dotted with frozen snow, a subway and steps, brought us to the stop for Tram 1, where a small booth opened in time to dispense tickets for the short journey to the city centre, where down a side street we found our internet-booked hostel, up several flights of the chilly atrium of pre-war apartments where, despite the beat of amplified music from a bar below, we slept for a couple of hours before rising for a breakfast made by welcoming Ruminia - coffee, tea, toast - and chats to other young guests passing through - two from Portugal, another from Germany.I said months ago I wanted to become more familiar with Eastern Europe. This route to and from Kerkyra is one of the results. As well as picnics, the kit for lengthy waits at bus stations, airports and railway stations is good reading - thus the superlative Balkan expert Mark Mazower, who covers all of 20th century European history helps my understanding of east-west connections. Alan Furst replaces history with imaginative evocation of lives in Occupied Europe - Blood of Victory, Red Gold, The World at Night - not all about the east. Now I'm deep in his novel The Polish Officer. The past seems more present in Bulgaria than in places successfully made over by 20th century consumerism, the colour range from beige to taupe in soft furnishing and paintwork, the hint of the Fast Show's Chanel 9 Neus, the dim ochreus settlements glimpsed in the night from our brown rail compartment... During the day we strolled, probing for gatherings of people - convivial centres or margins. Our pickings were made up of glimpses. We hazarded crossings against traffic speeding on wide and undistinguished streets lined by uneven sidewalks, uncompassed spaces and signs of unfulfilled intentions - an economy meant for take-off stuck on the apron. A chill wind blew from Mt. Vitosha behind the city. We found occasional sunny spots to sit and gaze at a disheartened place, voluntarily and involuntarily on the wrong side of history, now reliant on desultory advertisements contrasting - as consumerism does - the real and the taunting. Bulgaria's last world stage appearance was a thousand years ago when, caught between Islam and Byzantium, Gibbon wrote that the country under King Simeon 'assumed a rank among the civilized powers of the earth.' Modern Bulgaria, ally of the defeated Nazis with whom they'd invaded Greece, was part of the memorable 1944 percentages agreement between Churchill and Stalin, falling, according to Churchill's pencilled memo - still in the Public Record Office - 75% into the Soviet sphere. In the living memories of those who survived, Bulgarians were the victims of economic experimentation at the hands of statisticians, the murderous hemorrhaging of its intelligentsia and the oppression of its bourgeoisie - vital to the working of a welfare state (as astute regulation is essential to capitalism) - through exile from the cities to forced labour camps, a granary and economic laboratory for its dominant neighbour. The hope that lies with the European fund for reconstruction and development is partly driven by Western European apprehension that Eastern Europe's fate challenges the greater union. We asked the way to "the river" and were told "we have a very nice mountain, but no river." Searching for the park - Borisova Gradina - to enjoy a picnic, we approached the Eagle Bridge over the Perlovska River, and realised what was meant. It was a culverted ditch. Behind a pavement market of used ski kit, we went through a gap in a makeshift fence where a tipped chunk of statuary made a comment I couldn't at first discern. We are drawn to such despondent settings. They evoke Jack's advice about choosing places that have been ruined. "At least, it couldn't get much worse," said Lin. Having seen Birmingham recover from its doldrums and been involved in the restoration of Handsworth Park, we thought that were we Bulgarians, the once magnificent gardens would be a starting place. I hope and pray there are good men and women in Sofia able to brace themselves to the enduring task of making this a better place. There's recent novel called Solo by Rana Dasgupta in which, Ulrich, a sightless Bulgarian centenarian recalls his life, his plans to be a musician and then a chemist blocked by the politics of family and state - a character the author describes as 'not doing very well in history'...

...the Communists banned traditional music because they wanted to make Communist music. The country as it matures into a nation loses more music in an attempt to produce something Bulgarian. It is a poignant metaphor - to create a country, it had to ban everything. Solo is a book about what it is to become a nation and what are the things one has to lose to become a nation.

We came to the National Palace of Culture, where among trade stands selling tourism in Eastern European, we watched a re-enactment of a rural wedding - showing off the products of local weaving amid chanting and oratory. As the ceremony progressed, we were proffered a small bucket. Uncomprehending, I thought I was supposed to dip my hand in the wine and splash it on my face, which produced kind smiles and giggles, but then, after a shared drink, we were drawn shyly into a dancing circle of singing women for the finale of the ceremony.

In the early hours the taxi booked for us by our hostel manager arrived - "The trustworthy taxi company is OK taxi company, but because there are many fake ones, there should be written 973 2121, which is the phone number. Try to pay attention to the number exactly, because they fake one digit number like 9702121 and it's a different taxi company, which has triple prices." Several of these cab drivers tried to pick us up first. We were driven first to the wrong, but new, Terminal, and then taken on to Terminal 1, and our uneventful Whizzair mile-eating flight to Luton, then coach to Birmingham where our daughter met us to go home, where we worked through mostly unneeded mail, communications that mattered having always been available on the web - unconstrained by place. We greeted the bored cat; our son too, though he'd left a pile of washing and a duplicitous note of apology - "I thought you were getting home tomorrow" - and hugged joyous dog Oscar looked after by our neighbours John and Jo.

Child of morning, rosey fingered dawn spreads her saffron mantle over the world...catching up with the Airbus from Sophia to Luton

A place to keep silence

Last night we arrived in Ano Korakiana to find the house dry and sweet. Mr Leftheris greeted us with a fine five kilo marrow rescued from rotting in our garden. This morning the sky's grey. Rain's been falling in abundance, but not a drop in the house, warmed by our log stove, lit with one match. Having coached from Birmingham, we flew from Luton to Bulgaria, landing at Sofia after midnight. Until five-o-clock, we waited in the airport café for the first bus – 84 - at a stop by the terminal. Dobran, a student cameraman, finishing security duty, jotted down our bus connections, helped with fare paying and pointed out Hotel Pliska, where we changed buses for the central station. We were driven slowly through Sofia's outskirts on carriageways edged by dirty snow heaped against indefinite frontages lit by tall yellow lights. A fellow passenger - Emir Kusturica - seeing us gazing at this placeless streetscape nodded that he was going the same way as us. I like public transport for the likelihood of helpful locals who read the minds of strangers. Our bus route ended beside the neon-lit concrete of central station rising conspicuously from shiny streets, suckled by yellow cabs, a cavernous old modernist atrium where we were swiftly befriended by a man over keen to assist. Queuing behind five sets of passengers, we watched the clock marking our train time drawing closer as two women, having started the day with a smoke, opened a counter for the tiresome business of issuing tickets. One customer, ashen and elderly, abruptly taken by shakes, peeled away to steady her wrist with her other hand. I wished I could have made her well. One of the women behind glass stared interrogatively at her before getting on with writing dockets, printing tickets, stapling papers, receiving fare and explaining procedure. Realising plastic wasn’t currency, I scurried to a nearby money changer and bought levs with my euros getting notes in Bulgarian currency but small change in euro's. Three students - one called Goran Bregovic - pointed us towards our platform but our helper, bent on some return, picked up Lin’s bag, led us to a carriage and a compartment. I tipped him лв5 and he, seeing change, asked for more, but Lin restrained me.The train – a Greek one - slid away almost at once. For six hours we sped through a damp grey landscape on a single track to Thessaloniki - a comfortable compartment to ourselves. 1055 we were checked at Kulata, the Bulgarian side of the border. At Promachon, the Greek border station, a young Greek policeman inspecting our papers said “You’re in Hellas”. I smiled and punched the air. He responded with a gleeful grin. At Thessaloniki at one – about twenty-four hours since we’d left Birmingham – we were to take a bus to Meteora, but learned that a "sort of a strike" had cancelled it, so we caught a six-o-clock train to Kalambaka, chatting and snoozing and reading – Lin, a thriller, and me engrossed in Mark Mazower’s Dark Continent: Europe’s twentieth century – a whodunit with a cast of millions, many plots and measureless violence, and I still don't know who did it. Kalambaka was the end of the line. At nine thirty we strolled from the station up a narrow street to our guesthouse beneath dimly lit rocks soaring into darkness – Meteoro, ‘the wide rocks’. How could we ever ascend such dizzying heights? We rose Thursday morning and started upwards. The road from the guest house became a lane, then a well crafted path winding between mossy boulders, grassy spaces, small trees and shrubs. After an hour's walking we came to the monastery of Holy Trinity - closed Wednesdays and Thursdays - connected by a small cable car to the plateau behind Meteora, over which a road could bring visitors by car and coach. As we gazed at the great rock pillars, the town of Kalambaka and the winding river Pinious far below, a friendly man on a scooter called Kostas arrived and gave us free souvenir postcards, a cigarette lighter and a map, plus some handouts to pass on, encouraging us to stay at his guest house. For the climb we had the pleasant valley and the towering rocks to ourselves and the wheeling birds. Going down Lin went ahead. I walked down alone in quietness broken by the occasional rumble of jets. This place was defined by its holy inaccessibility, providing isolation and refuge for prayer in a dangerous world. Serving a secular economy Meteora's strengths might, but for modern engineering, have become a weakness. Patrick Leigh-Fermor, travelling in Roumeli over forty years ago, wrote of the recession of spirituality in Greece. His wonderful writing has the same touch of melancholy as Matthew Arnold's line on faith's long withdrawing roar - both writers understood and only part regretted. Modern guides celebrate what has been inherited, preserved and restored, courtesy of EU, UNESCO, the Greek government and the region’s Metropolitan - and much voluntary work by the few remaining inhabitants of the monasteries. How ever far we trek along what ever enticing route, a car park, landing strip or a marina will mark our destination and if they don’t they will. I shan’t forget our walk up and down that path between Kalambaka and the road to the Monastery of the Holy Trinity. We saw signs of goats beside our track. Once I slipped on my back missing a small pile of dung but was unhurt. We spied goats standing quietly in a clearing among the hollyoaks across the valley between the rocks. The ground about us was bursting with small plants and even early flowers. Later in the evening, my knees aching, we ate tasty lamb roasted on an open fire along with properly chopped chips and local red wine. From the bus station next morning we took a coach through a whitened landscape to Ioannina where we caught another to Igoumenitsa. From that now familiar jetty we sailed on the Saint Irene to Corfu Port, enjoying the company of two young Australians, Katherine and Roseanne, visiting Corfu to meet a sick relative, on their first visit to Greece.

Starting to learn the map of Eastern Europe

The map in my head of Eastern Europe is vague. A large area east of old West Germany and Italy which now includes parts of what was once the Soviet Union and, of course, the Balkans through which we will make our next journey to Corfu in January 09. Cities - Vilnius, Minsk, Leipzig, Dresden, Warsaw, Krakow, Graz, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, Zagreb, Sarajevo - resound in significance, but their location in relation to each other eludes me, like those towns in western Europe to which American's affix the country; 'London-England', 'Paris-France'.

[16/10/08 Back to the future: Eastern Europe's experience of recession] [15/11/08 Balkanology: Architecture & urban phenomena in SE Europe: 'Since the collapse of the socialist economic system in ex-Yugoslavia and Albania and the war that lead to the split of Yugoslavia, a new form of urbanisation typified by extensive informal building activity has appeared on the territory. Taking advantage of sketchy legal frameworks and governments initially too weak to enforce rules and regulations, inhabitants have taken the issue of housing shortage in their own hands, they started building new dwellings from scratch and adapting existing edifice for their own purposes.']

As we waited in the ferry terminal at Igoumenitsa on Tuesday evening I looked at maps. Here was one of Epirus - the mainland province of Greece we see from Ano Korakiana. To my delight a rail route diverts from the mainline between Thessaloniki and Athens to Makrynitsa, then west to Kardetsa before turning north to Kalambaka from where, after visiting the monasteries at Meteora, we can take a bus via Trykala to the coast at Igoumenitsa. On the ferry to Ancona there was a wall map of Europe. I checked distances between Athens and other eastern capitals - beginning to make sense of the line Warsaw-Poland, Prague-Czech Republic, Bratislava-Slovakia, Budapest-Hungary, Bucharest-Rumania, Ljubljana-Slovenia, Zagreb-Croatia, Sarajevo in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Belgrade in Serbia, Tirana in Albania, Skopje in FYROM, The Republic of Macedonia - the country with the contested name that borders the Greek province of Macedonia [25/11/08 e.g. Μακεδονία] - then Sofia in Bulgaria. Then east of this line, running north-south from the Baltic are the smaller countries of Estonia (Talin), Latvia (Riga) and Lithuania (Vilnius), with the exclave of Russia (Kalingrad), whose existence was unknown to me, squeezed between Lithuania and Poland, followed southwards by Belarus (Minsk), Ukraine (Kiev) on the Black Sea and another small landlocked state squeezed between Rumania and Ukraine - Moldova (Chişinău), and marching on Moldova's eastern border with Ukraine, the frozen conflict zone of Transnistria (Tiraspol). I'd not heard about this place until today and the ominous phrase 'frozen conflict' wasn't in my lexicon. It's an obvious offspring of 'cold war'. Where 'thaw' implied conciliation, here it means conflict breaking out. We'd had the idea of flying to one of the cities of Poland or a country further south, then going on via rail and bus to Greece. Back in Birmingham we studied the cheapest flights to Eastern Europe with rail connections southward and came up with Sofia, from where trains go to Thessaloniki south to Athens. I began when looking for these to find out the unreliability of the web, so convenient for arranging rail travel in Western Europe. Linda booked us two return air fares from Luton to Sophia by Wizz Air Hungary - one we hope survives until next year. Our flight gets in around 0050 and the first bus into town and the mainrail station - number 84 - runs at 0500 [information at Sofia Airport site in English]. We'll need to bivvy down until the first bus to town. That was straightforward but it took a while to find the Sophia-Thessaloniki timetable via a link on Bulgarian Railways' website. From Thessaloniki we catch one of two daily Athens trains south via Larissa, ours leaving at 0700. OSE Hellenic Railways website was unhelpful, so I'm unsure when we get to Larissa. For Larissa to Kalambaka, I found, from another site that athough there is a rail route, the bus is probably simpler for this part of our journey to Corfu:

Larissa to Kalambaka: The bus will take you to Trikkala in one hour, price: €4, first at 0630, they run almost hourly until 1930. Then it is 30-min and €1.8 to Kalambaka; buses leave every 30-min. (ask at info booth in Larissa for direct bus to Kalambaka...there are some...then you do not have to change at Trikkala). Buses leave the main station in Larissa, 150 mtrs north of Pl.Laou at Olympou & Georgiadou.

We will find a place to stay at Kalambaka so we can visit Meteora before going on to Igoumenitsa. The same site helped us on this:

Kalampaka to Igoumenitsa ... There are 2 buses you can take: 0850 and 1520 from Kalambaka to Ioannina (3 hrs) €10.50. If you take the 1520] to Ioannina you should still be in time to catch the 2000 bus to Igoumenitsa. Believe the cost is about €8 additional. 2hr trip. If you are looking to leave Igoumenitsa for Corfu the night you arrive... you better hurry, the last ferry of the night leaves for Corfu around 2200 ... It will likely wait for late arrivals off that last bus, but it won't wait too long and it won't wait IF it is filled. Hopefully you will be taking the morning bus out of Kalambaka and not worry about it. Good luck. Calh taxidi. Denny

It disappointed me is that the celebrated Man in Seat 61 hyperlinks to Greece and Bulgaria, though directing me to these country's rail services, said nothing about the inadequacy of their websites. A helpful man at the Greek National Tourist Office in London apologised for the OSE website while assuring me of my itinerary to Corfu this way. The Rail Europe office who have been helpful in the past could not help with rail travel in Eastern Europe, nor could International Rail to whom Rail Europe referred me. * * * An e-mail to All Experts:

Dear Denny. Your other answers on getting to Kalambaka and on to Igoumenitsa have been very helpful, but the OSE website is not so helpful. Can you tell me when the early afternoon train from Thessaloniki arrives in Larissa, for us to connect with a bus to Kalambaka on 21 Jan 09? Also when does it stop, morning and afternoon, in Larissa on the way back to Thessaloniki? Best wishes, Simon & Linda

Answer from Denny:

Yiasou Simon, thanks for the question. I am not quite sure why you want to do that ... Why not just take the bus from Thessaloniki to Trikala (3hrs. 6 per day. 0800-2100 daily. €15), then take the bus to Kalambaka from Trikala. Every 40 min. 30 min ride. Under €2. Taking the train from Thessaloniki into Larisa to catch the connecting bus to Trikala/Kalambaka will require you get to Thessaloniki train station by 1000 to catch the 1030 to Larisa. It is a 2-hour train ride (€5). Gets you into the Larisa station at the 5-way intersection on Panagoula about 1230 in the afternoon. Then from the 5-way intersection, walk about 600m to the gas station bus stop on the left, still on Panagoula. The 1-hour trip by bus to Trikala makes at least 3 runs between 1300 and 1930. Price €4. (So you will save money this way, as about €11 is the cost of the train/bus combination vs. about €17 going bus all the way from Thessalonika. So it will be cheaper but not as convenient. good luck Simon. Calh taxiedi Denny

* * * I enjoyed the opportunity on flickr to describe why I own five Brompton folding bicycles. * * *
I was scanning the excellent blog - An American in Athens. Engaged to a Greek citizen (I think) Kat quotes national comments, and telling stats, on corruption in Hellas, quoting Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). Greece scores - ever so slightly - better on corruption measures than some of the enlargement EU countries of Eastern Europe. In my old age I should be in a better position to be widely understanding of human weaknesses, but how I detest public corruption, especially as practised among the prosperous, wont to whinge priggishly about danger in the streets and squares of the world while gutting the commons; snatching from the public purse; sharing smug self-justification to excuse their criminality - and 'oh so sorry' - shrewdly commodified repentance - on the few occasions they do get their just desserts. * * *
Phone chat with my mother in Scotland. She told me that at the start of September four friends of one of her best friends, related to each other, went walking in the woods. They collected and ate some cortinarius speciosissimus, (two pictures on the right) possibly mistaking the fungi for chanterelles (two pix on the left) which are delicious. I pick them when I'm in Strathnairn. I've had trouble noting differences between false (bottom pic: less egg yolk yellow, slightly slimmer stem) and real chanterelles. Fungi are seldom like the neat pictures in guide books. I suppose CS could be mistaken for chanterelles. Trouble is, where the false chanterelle is merely tasteless and tough, CS can be fatal or make you very ill.